Training/Linux - command line - Revision history

Pysdlb at 12:58, 24 May 2021

2021-05-24T12:58:14Z

Pysdlb at 10:09, 13 June 2019

2019-06-13T10:09:42Z

Pysdlb at 10:17, 24 May 2019

2019-05-24T10:17:08Z

Seif: /* Further Information */

2018-01-26T10:31:32Z

‎Further Information

Pysdlb at 12:15, 3 April 2017

2017-04-03T12:15:37Z

MSummerbell: /* rmdir */

2017-03-23T14:45:07Z

‎rmdir

Pysdlb at 12:37, 6 March 2017

2017-03-06T12:37:25Z

Pysdlb at 12:35, 6 March 2017

2017-03-06T12:35:09Z

Pysdlb at 09:37, 28 February 2017

2017-02-28T09:37:44Z

Pysdlb at 09:37, 28 February 2017

2017-02-28T09:37:19Z

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 == Introduction ==
-This represents a series of teaching pages to allow you to learn more about Viper's Linux command line interface
+This represents a series of teaching pages to allow you to learn more about Viper's Linux command-line interface
 == Command Line ==
@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 Like other operating systems Linux does have a window’s type environment too called X and hopefully in the future its successor Wayland. (Linux refers to X and Wayland with the term Display Server). However, with VIPER the vast majority of work will be carried out on the command line.
-The command line in Linux is referred to as a shell. The shell is a program that allows the user to interact with Linux at the command line. In true Linux style there are a few different ones to choose from, however the one used predominantly is BASH. The name BASH is an acronym for “Bourne Again SHell”, a reference to BASH is an enhanced replacement for sh, the original Unix shell program written by Steve Bourne.
+The command line in Linux is referred to as a shell. The shell is a program that allows the user to interact with Linux at the command line. In true Linux style, there are a few different ones to choose from. However, the one used predominantly is BASH. The name BASH is an acronym for “Bourne Again SHell”, a reference to BASH is an enhanced replacement for sh, the original Unix shell program written by Steve Bourne.
-Below is an example of Viper's command line interface using the terminal program [http://mobaxterm.mobatek.net/ MobaXterm].
+Below is an example of Viper's command-line interface using the terminal program [http://mobaxterm.mobatek.net/ MobaXterm].
 [[File:commandline.jpg]]
@@ Line 84: / Line 84: @@
 </pre>
-There is also the character . which means the current directory. This is not useful for the cd command but is very useful for copying files to your current directory.
+There is also the character. which means the current directory. This is not useful for the cd command but is very useful for copying files to your current directory.
 === Absolute and relative paths ===
@@ Line 91: / Line 91: @@
 |style="width:95%; border-width: 0" | Although an important concept to understand the rule here is very simple. When you type a path starting with a slash (/), then the root of the file tree is assumed. If you don't start your path with a slash, then the current directory is the assumed starting point.
-Here are two examples, firstly of absolute path:
+Here are two examples, firstly of the absolute path:
 |-
 |}
@@ Line 185: / Line 185: @@
 Just before we start looking at these commands we need to cover two important areas:
-* Files on Linux are case sensitive. This means that FILE1 is different from file1, and /etc/hosts is different from /etc/Hosts (the latter one does not exist on a typical Linux computer).
+* Files on Linux are case sensitive. This means that FILE1 is different from file1, and /etc/hosts are different from /etc/Hosts (the latter one does not exist on a typical Linux computer).
-* Everything on Linux is a file. A directory is a special kind of file, but it is still a (case sensitive!) file. Each terminal window (for example /dev/pts/4), any hard disk or partition (for example /dev/sdb1) and any process are all represented somewhere in the file system as a file.
+* Everything on Linux is a file. A directory is a special kind of file, but it is still a (case sensitive!) file. Each terminal window (for example /dev/pts/4), any hard disk or partition (for example /dev/sdb1), and any process are all represented somewhere in the file system as a file.
 === file ===
@@ Line 217: / Line 217: @@
 === rm ===
-Remove a file, as always be very careful with this command and without a backup this file will be lost forever.
+Remove a file, as always be very careful with this command and without a backup, this file will be lost forever.
 <pre style="background-color: black; color: white; border: 2px solid black; font-family: monospace, sans-serif;">
@@ Line 290: / Line 290: @@
 === head ===
-By default head will show the first ten lines of a file.
+By default, the head command will show the first ten lines of a file.
 <pre style="background-color: black; color: white; border: 2px solid black; font-family: monospace, sans-serif;">
@@ Line 311: / Line 311: @@
 === tail ===
-Similar to '''head''' but this time it will show the last 10 lines of file by default.
+Similar to '''head''' but this time it will show the last 10 lines of the file by default.
 <pre style="background-color: black; color: white; border: 2px solid black; font-family: monospace, sans-serif;">
@@ Line 329: / Line 329: @@
 === cat ===
-The '''cat''' command (short for concatenate) one of the most universal tools, yet all it does is copy standard input to standard output. In combination with the shell this can be very powerful and diverse. Some examples will give a glimpse into the possibilities.
+The '''cat''' command (short for concatenate) one of the most universal tools, yet all it does is copy standard input to standard output. In combination with the shell, this can be very powerful and diverse. Some examples will give a glimpse into the possibilities.
 <pre style="background-color: black; color: white; border: 2px solid black; font-family: monospace, sans-serif;">
@@ Line 392: / Line 392: @@
 === date ===
-The '''date''' command can display the date, time, time zone and more.
+The '''date''' command can display the date, time, time zone, and more.
 <pre style="background-color: black; color: white; border: 2px solid black; font-family: monospace, sans-serif;">
@@ Line 421: / Line 421: @@
 === sleep ===
-The '''sleep''' command is sometimes used in scripts to wait a number of seconds. This example shows a five second sleep.
+The '''sleep''' command is sometimes used in scripts to wait a number of seconds. This example shows a five-second sleep.
 <pre style="background-color: black; color: white; border: 2px solid black; font-family: monospace, sans-serif;">
@@ Line 432: / Line 432: @@
 === sort ===
-The command '''sort''' will sort lines of text files. By default the output is to the screen but this can be piped to a file or another program.
+The command '''sort''' will sort lines of text files. By default, the output is to the screen but this can be piped to a file or another program.
 <pre style="background-color: black; color: white; border: 2px solid black; font-family: monospace, sans-serif;">
@@ Line 501: / Line 501: @@
 </pre>
-As with most Linux commands there are also a large amount of useful options that will go with each command and '''grep''' is certainly no exception here
+As with most Linux commands, there are also a large number of useful options that will go with each command and '''grep''' is certainly no exception here
 <pre style="background-color: black; color: white; border: 2px solid black; font-family: monospace, sans-serif;">
@@ Line 513: / Line 513: @@
 === wc ===
-Counting words, lines and characters is easy with '''wc'''.
+Counting words, lines, and characters are easy with '''wc'''.
 <pre style="background-color: black; color: white; border: 2px solid black; font-family: monospace, sans-serif;">
-username@viper:~$ wc myfile.c  (show number of words, lines and characters)
+username@viper:~$ wc myfile.c  (show number of words, lines, and characters)
 10 100 tennis.txt
@@ Line 540: / Line 540: @@
 </pre>
-Each file and directory has access rights that are associated with each one. When we look at the 10 symbol string above on the left hand side (e.g. '''drwxr-xr-x''').
+Each file and directory has access rights that are associated with each one. When we look at the 10 symbol string above on the left-hand side (e.g. '''drwxr-xr-x''').
 * The first letter present whether the file is a directory or not.
-* The next three represents the file permission for the user that owns that file (i.e. dbird in this example).
+* The next three represent the file permission for the user that owns that file (i.e. dbird in this example).
-* The next three represent the file permission of the group to whom that user belongs to (i.e. group admin).
+* The next three represent the file permission of the group to whom that user belongs (i.e. group admin).
 * The last three represent the file permissions for everyone else (i.e. all users).
@@ Line 579: / Line 579: @@
 username@viper:~$ chmod go-rwx myfile.c   (remove read, write and execute permissions removed for group and other)
-username@viper:~$ chmod u+x myapp.pl   (make the program myapp.pl executable to user (i.e. the owner of the file))
+username@viper:~$ chmod u+x myapp.pl   (make the program myapp.pl executable to the user (i.e. the owner of the file))
 </pre>

@@ Line 588: / Line 588: @@
 * [https://uk.mathworks.com/products/parallel-computing.html?s_tid=srchtitle Mathworks parallel computing toolbox home page]
-{|
-|style="width:5%; border-width: 0" | [[File:icon_home.png]]
-|style="width:95%; border-width: 0" |
+==Navigation==
 * [[Main_Page|Home]]
 * [[Applications|Application support]]
-* [[General|General]]
+* [[General|General]] *
 * [[Programming|Programming support]]

@@ Line 594: / Line 594: @@
 * [[Applications|Application support]]
 * [[General|General]]
 * [[Programming|Programming support]]
 |-
 |}

@@ Line 587: / Line 587: @@
 == Further Information ==
-* [http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/ http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/]
+* [https://uk.mathworks.com/products/parallel-computing.html?s_tid=srchtitle Mathworks parallel computing toolbox home page]
 {|
 |style="width:5%; border-width: 0" | [[File:icon_home.png]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:15, 3 April 2017
Line 588:		Line 588:

	* [http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/ http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/]		* [http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/ http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/]
		+	{\|
		+	\|style="width:5%; border-width: 0" \| [[File:icon_home.png]]
		+	\|style="width:95%; border-width: 0" \|
		+	* [[Main_Page\|Home]]
		+	* [[Applications\|Application support]]
		+	* [[General\|General]]
		+	* [[Training\|Training]]
		+	* [[Programming\|Programming support]]
		+	\|-
		+	\|}

@@ Line 171: / Line 171: @@
 === rmdir ===
-This command removes the specified directory, note the directory must by empty and must not be the directory you are currently in:
+This command removes the specified directory, note the directory must be empty and must not be the directory you are currently in:
 <pre style="background-color: black; color: white; border: 2px solid black; font-family: monospace, sans-serif;">

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 Below is an example of Viper's command line interface using the terminal program [http://mobaxterm.mobatek.net/ MobaXterm].
-[[File:commandline.jpg|left]]
+[[File:commandline.jpg]]
 == Man pages ==